Tooth regeneration, the natural process of replacing lost or damaged teeth, is a biological function present in many vertebrates but severely limited in humans. While some animals can regrow teeth multiple times throughout their lives, human dentition follows a diphyodont pattern, resulting in two sets of teeth: deciduous (baby teeth) and permanent teeth. The development and eruption of these teeth follow a predictable timeline, culminating in a full set of adult teeth, excluding wisdom teeth for some individuals. After the loss of permanent teeth due to trauma, disease, or extraction, natural regrowth does not occur.
The inability to spontaneously regenerate teeth in adulthood presents significant challenges in dental care. Tooth loss impacts oral health, functionality (chewing, speech), and aesthetics, leading to reduced quality of life. Historically, dentures have been a common solution, but they offer limited functionality and comfort. Dental implants have emerged as a more permanent and stable alternative, yet they involve surgical procedures and come with potential complications. The pursuit of true tooth regeneration remains a prominent area of research in regenerative medicine, aiming to replicate the natural regenerative processes observed in other species.
